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ASTM D1321 for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
ASTM D1321 for needle penetration of petroleum waxesASTM D1321 standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes6. Apparatus6.1 Penetrometer, for applying the standard needle to the surface of the sample specimen and for measuring the extent of penetration at the conclusion of the test. ...
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ASTM D1321 for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
ASTM D1321 for needle penetration of petroleum waxesASTM D1321 standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the empirical estimation of the consistency of waxes derived from petroleum by measurement of the extent of penetration of a standard needle. ...
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ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)11. Report11.1 When using ASTM Thermometer 15C or 15F, report to the nearest 0.2°C or 0.5°F the mean or corrected mean of the temperatures recorded ...
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ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)9. Procedure9.1 Select one of the following bath liquids and thermometers appropriate for the expected softening point:9.1.1 Freshly boiled distilled ...
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ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)7. Sampling7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D140.8. Test Specimens8.1 Do not start unless it is planned to complete preparation and ...
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ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)5. Apparatus5.1 Rings - Two square-shouldered brass rings conforming to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1(a).5.2 Pouring Plate - A flat, smooth, brass plate ...
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ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point of bitumen in the range from 30 to 157°C (86 to 315°F) using the ring-and-ball ...
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General terminology for Lubricants
General terminology for LubricantsViscosity:Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. The less viscous the fluid is, the greater its ease of movement (fluidity). Viscosity is defined in kinematic and dynamic forms.Viscosity Index:Viscosity ...
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Detecting particles in oil (Part 2)
Detecting particles in oil (Part 2)by Alistair Geach, B. Sc.In the last technical article we looked at four of the seven techniques used in many oil analysis laboratories to detect and quantify particle contamination, as well as the value and limitations of these methods in detecting abnormal wear situations. ...
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Detecting particles in oil (Part 1)
Detecting particles in oil (Part 1)by Alistair Geach, B. Sc.In simple terms, monitoring wear particles in used oil samples from plant and equipment enables specialists to decide whether they are normal or abnormal and what the likely consequences will be for the machine. In real terms, this is a fairly ...