ASTM D36 for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
ASTM D36 standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus)
11. Report
11.1 When using ASTM Thermometer 15C or 15F, report to the nearest 0.2°C or 0.5°F the mean or corrected mean of the temperatures recorded in 9.6 as the softening point.
11.2 When using ASTM Thermometer 16C or 16F report to the nearest 0.5°C or 1.0°F the mean or corrected mean of the temperatures recorded in 9.6 as the softening point.
11.3 Report the bath liquid used in the test.
12. Precision and Bias
12.1 With distilled water or USP glycerin, the following criteria shall be used for judging the acceptability of results (95 % probability):
12.1.1 Single-Operator Precision - The single-operator standard deviation has been found to be 0.41°C (0.73°F). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same sample of bitumen should not differ by more than 1.2°C (2.0°F).
12.1.2 Multilaboratory Precision - The multilaboratory standard deviation has been found to be 0.70°C (1.26°F). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests on the same sample of bitumen from two laboratories should not differ by more than 2.0°C (3.5°F).
12.2 With ethylene glycol, the following criteria shall be used for judging the acceptability of results:
12.2.1 Single-Operator Precision - The single-operator standard deviation has been found to be 0.72°C (1.29°F). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same sample of bitumen should not differ by more than 2.0°C (3.5°F).
12.2.2 Multilaboratory Precision - The multilaboratory standard deviation has been found to be 1.08°C (1.95°F). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests on the same sample of bitumen from two laboratories should not differ by more than 3.0°C (5.5°F).
12.3 Bias - The procedure in Test Method D36 has no bias because the value of the softening point of the bitumen test is defined in terms of this test method.
13. Keywords
13.1 asphalt; ball and ring; bitumen; coal tar; softening point
