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ASTM D482 test method for ash from petroleum products
4. Significance and Use4.1 Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming material present in a product can provide information as to whether or not the product is suitable for use in a given application. Ash can result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust.5. ...
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ASTM D482 test method for ash from petroleum products
1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001–0.180 mass %, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable ...
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Precision and bias of gas ratios used in fault diagnosis in oil-insulated electr
Hydrogen and low molecular weight hydrocarbons are formed in the decomposition of the much larger hydrocarbon molecules that make up an insulating oil. The numerical values of ratios of these decomposition products are used in the diagnosis of the type of electrical or thermal fault leading to their ...
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Preparation of large quantities of gas-in-oil standards
A2.1 ApparatusA2.1.1 Oil Vessel (Fig.A2.1(a)), 5-L equipped with one sidearm septum holder, two sidearm outlets, one egg-shaped TFE-fluorocarbon-coated stirring bar, a cork ring to support the vessel, and a magnetic stirrer.A2.1.2 Oil-Degassing System (Fig.A2.1(b)), consisting of one 4-L oil reservoir, ...
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Preparation of small quantities of gas-in-oil standards
A1.1 Calibration ApparatusA1.1.1 Syringes, fixed needle gas-tight, of suitable size, and a rubber slip-on septum.A1.1.2 Vacuum Pumping System, capable of evacuating the glassware to an absolute pressure of 1 x 10(-3) torr (130 mPa) or lower.A1.1.3 Erlenmeyer Vacuum Flask, 1-L with a glass inlet tube, ...
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ASTM D3612 for insulating oil dissolved gas analysis by gas chromatography
32. Calculation32.1 The initial concentration of the substance in oil, C, is determined using Eq 17 and the partition coefficients given in Table 6. For instance, the hydrogen peak gives an area of 4000 counts, which corresponds to 10 ppm in accordance with the calibration curve that has been plotted. ...
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ASTM D3612 for insulating oil dissolved gas analysis by gas chromatography
31. Determination of Partition Coefficients31.1 The partition coefficients for the different gases being considered are listed in Table 6 at the analytical temperature of 70°C. They were established in the naphthenic Voltesso 35 oil with 12 % of aromatic carbon content (Test Method D 2140) and a negative ...
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ASTM D3612 for insulating oil dissolved gas analysis by gas chromatography
30. Procedure30.1 Headspace Vial Volume Determination - Because of the importance of the VG/VL phase ratio factor in the concentration calculation (Eq 17), the following vial volume determination procedure must be applied to detect any variation from batch to batch and manufacturer to manufacturer.30.1.1 ...
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ASTM D3612 for insulating oil dissolved gas analysis by gas chromatography
29. Chemicals29.1 Argon, Air, and Hydrogen Cylinders, 99.999 % pure. Argon is used to overpressurize the headspace and to carry the substances contained in the injection loop through the stationary phase to the detectors.29.2 Three Gas Mixtures, prepared with a precision of about 0.5 % used to establish ...
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ASTM D3612 for insulating oil dissolved gas analysis by gas chromatography
28. Apparatus28.1 Headspace Sampler, equipped with an injection loop and a transfer line connected directly to the first column of the gas chromatograph. The sampler must be capable of equilibrating the species of interest in a specific time. The required equilibration time can be minimized by mixing ...
