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ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
7. Apparatus7.1 General - The apparatus comprises a glass or metal still, a heater, a reflux condenser, and a graduated glass trap. The still, trap, and condenser may be connected by any suitable method that produces a leakproof joint. Preferred connections are ground joints for glass and O-rings for ...
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ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The material to be tested is heated under reflux with a water-immiscible solvent, which co-distills with the water in the sample. Condensed solvent and water are continuously separated in a trap, the water settling in the graduated section of the trap and the solvent returning ...
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ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0 to 25% volume in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.NOTE 1 - Volatile water-soluble material, if present, may be measured as water.1.2 The specific products considered during ...
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ASTM D445 - Calibration
A2.2.1 Use liquid-in-glass thermometers with an accuracy after correction of 0.02°C or better, calibrated by a laboratory meeting the requirements of ISO9000 or ISO17025, and carrying certificates confirming that the calibration is traceable to a national standard. As an alternative, use thermometric ...
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ASTM D445 - Short-Range Specialized Thermometer
A2.1.1 Use a short-range specialized thermometer conforming to the generic specification given in Table A2.1 and Table A2.2 and to one of the designs shown in Fig. A2.1.A2.1.2 The difference in the designs rests mainly in the position of the ice point scale. In Design A, the ice point is within the scale ...
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ASTM D445 - Viscometer types and certified viscosity reference standards
A1.1 Viscometer TypesA1.1.1 Table A1.1 lists capillary viscometers commonly in use for viscosity determinations on petroleum products. For specifications, operating instructions, and calibration, refer to specifications in Specifications D446.A1.1.2 Table A1.2 lists certified viscosity reference standards.
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ASTM D445 method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids
17. Precision17.1 Comparison of Determined Values:17.1.1 Determinability (d) - The difference between successive determined values obtained by the same operator in the same laboratory using the same apparatus for a series of operations leading to a single result, would in the long run, in the normal ...
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ASTM D445 method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids
13. Cleaning of Viscometer13.1 Between successive determinations of kinematic viscosity, clean the viscometer thoroughly by several rinsings with the sample solvent, followed by the drying solvent (see 7.3). Dry the tube by passing a slow stream of filtered dry air through the viscometer for 2 min or ...
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ASTM D445 method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids
12. Procedure for Opaque Liquids12.1 For steam-refined cylinder oils and black lubricating oils, proceed to 12.3 ensuring a thoroughly representative sample is used. The kinematic viscosity of residual fuel oils and similar waxy products can be affected by the previous thermal history and the following ...
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ASTM D445 method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids
11. Procedure for Transparent Liquids11.1 Charge the viscometer in the manner dictated by the design of the instrument, this operation being in conformity with that employed when the instrument was calibrated. If the sample is thought or known to contain fibers or solid particles, filter through a 75µm ...
