ASTM D7317 Standard Test Method for Coagulated Pentane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils by Paper Filtration (LMOA Method)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of coagulated pentane insolubles in used lubricating oils by a paper filtration method.
1.2 This test method was originally developed by the Fuels, Lubricants, and Environmental Committee (FL&E) of the Locomotive Maintenance Officer's Association (LMOA).
1.3 This test method is used primary for testing used diesel engine oils from railroad locomotive service. It may be applied to other samples types but precision, bias, and significance have not been determined for samples other than used railroad locomotive diesel engine oils.
1.4 This test method, in general, does not correlate with Test Method D893 on Insolubles in Lubricating Oils, since it uses separation by centrifugation and a more concentrated solution of anti-coagulant.
1.5 The correlation between this test method and Appendix A4 (Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure) in Test Method D5967 has not been investigated.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 coagulate, v - to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass.
3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles, n - in used oil analysis, separated matter that results when a coagulant is added to a solution of used oil in pentane.
3.1.2.1 Discussion - The addition of a coagulant will aid in separating finely divided materials that may have been held in suspension because of the dispersant characteristics of the oil.
3.1.2.2 Discussion - This test method uses a 1 % coagulant solution. Test Method D893 uses a 5 % coagulant solution.
3.1.3 membrane filter, n - porous article of closely controlled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separate matter in suspension.
3.1.4 pentane insolubles, n - in used oil analysis, separated matter resulting when a used oil is dissolved in pentane.
3.1.4.1 Discussion - In this test method, the separation is effected by paper filtration.
3.1.5 used oil, n - any oil that has been in a piece of equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or turbine), whether operated or not.
3.1.5.1 Discussion - In this test method, the oil can be any oil that has been used for lubrication of a locomotive diesel engine, whether engaged in railroad or other service.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 locomotive diesel engine oil, n - lubricating oil formulated to meet the chemical, physical, and performance requirements defined by the LMOA for service in diesel engines in railroad locomotives.
3.3 Acronyms:
3.3.1 ILS - interlaboratory study
3.3.2 LMOA - Locomotive Maintenance Officer's Association
3.3.3 RR - railroad
3.3.4 TGA - thermo-gravimetric analysis
