ASTM D7156 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
9. Procedure
9.1 Pretest Procedure:
9.1.1 Initial Oil Fill for Flush or Break-In - The initial oil fill is 28.1 kg of test oil. Add the first 3.3 kg of fresh test oil to the oil filters (half in each filter), then turn on the auxiliary oil pumps and add an additional 24.8 kg of test oil to the engine. This oil may be added directly through the engine oil fill tube.

9.1.2 Pretest Break-In Sequence for New Engine Builds - Use a break-in sequence for a new engine build. Start the engine as described in Annex A5. Run the break-in at the test operating conditions shown in Table 2 for 1 h. At the end of 1 h, shut down the engine in accordance with Annex A5. Drain the oil from the oil pan and auxiliary oil reservoir. Replace all oil filters. Refill the engine with test oil, see 9.1.1, and conduct the test in accordance with 9.4.

9.1.3 Pretest Oil Flush Sequence for Existing Engine Builds:
9.1.3.1 For an existing engine build, a pretest flush sequence is required. Start the engine as described in Annex A5. Run a pretest oil flush at the test operating conditions shown in Table 2 for 30 min. At the end of 30 min, shut down the engine as describe in Annex A5. Drain the oil from the oil pan and auxiliary oil reservoir. Refill the engine with oil, see 9.1.1, and repeat the flush sequence once. For tests on an existing engine build, a post-test flush sequence as described in 9.4.2 should be done prior to the pretest flushes.

9.1.3.2 At the end of the second 30 min pretest flush, shut down the engine in accordance with Annex A5. Drain the oil from the oil pan and auxiliary oil reservoir. Replace all oil filters. Refill the engine with test oil see 9.1.1, and conduct the test in accordance with 9.4. When performing the pre-test oil charge, do not account for any hang up oil left in the oil system.

9.2 Engine Start-Ups - Perform all engine start-ups in accordance with Annex A5. Start-ups are not included as test time. Test time starts as soon as the engine returns to the test cycle. The start date and time of a test is defined as when the engine first reaches test conditions as shown in Table 2. Crank the engine prior to start-up to fill the engine oil passages. This practice will enhance engine durability significantly.

9.3 Engine Shutdowns:
9.3.1 Perform all non-emergency shutdowns in accordance with Annex A5. The shutdown operation does not count as test time. Record the length and reason of each shutdown on the appropriate form.

9.3.2 Do not exceed ten shutdowns for all operationally valid tests. Additionally, all operationally valid tests should not exceed 150 h of downtime. Conduct an engineering review if either condition is exceeded.

9.4 Test Cycle:
9.4.1 The test cycle includes a break-in or a pretest oil flush sequence as shown in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3. Test operating conditions are shown in Table 2. Conduct the test at these test conditions by operating for 252 h. Follow the test with a post-test oil flush sequence see 9.4.2 unless the engine build life has been exhausted, at which point the engine is torn down for rebuild.
9.4.1.1 At any time during the test, injection timing may be changed Δ3.0° BTDC from the initial timing to ensure meeting the 96 h, 192 h, and 228 h soot windows. See 11.7.

9.4.2 Post-Test Oil Flush Sequence:
9.4.2.1 Within 30 min of EOT, begin the post-test flush by draining the oil pan and auxiliary oil reservoir. Remove the oil filters, including the centrifugal filter. As soon as possible, install new filters, refill (see 9.1.1) with Bulldog EO-N Premium Plus Oil, and run at test conditions as shown in Table 2 for 30 min.

9.4.2.2 Drain the post-test flush oil from the oil pan and the auxiliary oil reservoir. Flush the engine and auxiliary oil system with solvent until clean. Remove the oil pan and solvent clean and then reassemble. To remove the solvent, fill the engine with Bulldog EO-N Premium Plus oil and run the final post-test oil flush at test conditions for 30 min (see Table 2). Drain the oil from the oil pan and auxiliary oil reservoir. The engine is now ready for the pretest flush sequence for the next test.

9.4.3 Operational Validity - Determine operational validity in accordance with Annex A3.

9.5 Oil Samples - Take 120 mL oil samples at every 12 h interval. Take the EOT oil sample within 30 min of test completion. Obtain oil samples from the pre-filter pressure port, refer to Fig. A1.16, Annex A1. Accomplish this by installing a tee fitting, a small petcock valve, and (254 to 305) mm of No.4 Aeroquip line from which the sample is taken. Prior to each sample, take a 240 mL purge. After sampling has been completed, return the purge to the engine.

9.6 Oil Mass Measurements - Record the oil mass every 6 min and compute the oil consumption, see 10.3, from these readings.

9.7 Fuel Samples - Take fuel samples (two 1 L samples) prior to the start of test and at EOT.

9.8 Periodic Measurements:
9.8.1 Make measurements at 6 min intervals on the parameters listed in 9.8.2 and record statistics on the appropriate form. Use automatic data acquisition. Recorded values shall have minimum resolution as shown in Table 3. Characterize the procedure used to calculate the data averages on the appropriate form.

9.8.2 Parameters:
9.8.2.1 Speed, r/min.

9.8.2.2 Torque, N·m.

9.8.2.3 Oil gallery temperature, °C.

9.8.2.4 Oil sump temperature, °C.

9.8.2.5 Coolant out temperature, °C.

9.8.2.6 Coolant in temperature, °C.

9.8.2.7 Intake air temperature, °C.

9.8.2.8 Intake manifold temperature, °C.

9.8.2.9 Intake manifold pressure, kPa.

9.8.2.10 Fuel flow, s/kg or kg/h.

9.8.2.11 Fuel inlet temperature, °C.

9.8.2.12 Tailpipe exhaust back pressure, kPa.

9.8.2.13 Before filter oil pressure, kPa.

9.8.2.14 Main gallery oil pressure, kPa.

9.8.2.15 Crankcase pressure, kPa.

9.8.2.16 Pre-turbine exhaust temperature, front manifold, °C.

9.8.2.17 Pre-turbine exhaust temperature, rear manifold, °C.

9.8.2.18 Inlet air restriction, kPa.

9.8.2.19 Tailpipe exhaust temperature, °C.

9.8.2.20 Crankcase blowby, L/min (see 9.10).

9.8.2.21 Pre-turbine exhaust pressure, front manifold, kPa.

9.8.2.22 Pre-turbine exhaust pressure, rear manifold, kPa.

9.8.2.23 Inlet air humidity, g/kg.

9.8.2.24 EGR cooler outlet temperature, °C.

9.8.2.25 EGR pre-venturi temperature, °C.

9.8.2.26 Inlet air dew point, °C.

9.8.2.27 Oil mass, kg.

9.8.2.28 Fuel pressure, kPa.

9.8.3 Carbon Dioxide Measurements - Measure intake and exhaust carbon dioxide levels every 4 h. Calibrate the measurement equipment with span gases prior to each measurement.

9.9 Blowby - Record the crankcase blowby on the appropriate form. Take care to prevent oil traps from occurring in the blowby line at any time during operation.

9.10 Centrifugal Oil Filter Mass Gain - Prior to the start of test, determine the mass of the centrifugal oil filter canister. At EOT, remove the centrifugal oil filter canister from the engine and drain upside down for 30 min. After draining, determine the mass of the canister and record on the appropriate form. Determine the centrifugal oil filter mass gain for each test.

9.11 Oil Filter ΔP Calculation:
9.11.1 The reported oil filter ΔP is the maximum oil filter ΔP that occurs as a result of the test.
Calculate the oil filter ΔP as follows:
ΔPIncrease = ΔPmax - ΔPinitial
where:
ΔPmax = the maximum ΔP across the oil filter.
ΔPinitial = the ΔP across the oil filter at the start of test conditions.

9.11.2 If an oil filter change is made, add the oil filter ΔP value obtained after the filter change to the oil filter ΔP obtained prior to the filter change. If a shutdown occurs, add the oil filter ΔP value obtained after the shutdown to the oil filter ΔP obtained prior to the shutdown. Change the oil filter if the filter pressure differential (not the ΔPIncrease ) exceeds 207 kPa. Report oil filter ΔPIncrease on the appropriate form.