ASTM D7094 for flash point by modified continuously closed cup (MCCCFP) tester
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels, lube oils, solvents and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5°C per minute.
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5°C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450.
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
NOTE 1 - Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.
1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 35 to 225°C.
NOTE 2 - Flash point determinations below 35°C and above 225°C may be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures.
1.5 If the user's specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 8.5, and 10.1.2.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP) Tester
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO Guide 34 Quality Systems Guidelines for the Production of Reference Materials
ISO Guide 35 Certification of Reference Materials - General and Statistical Principles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flash point, n - the lowest temperature corrected to a pressure of 101.3 kPa at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sample to ignite momentarily under specified conditions of the test.
3.1.1.1 Discussion - For the purpose of this test method, the test specimen is deemed to have flashed when the hot flame of the ignited vapor causes an instantaneous pressure increase of at least 20 kPa inside the closed measuring chamber.
3.1.2 dynamic, adj - the condition where the vapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are not in temperature equilibrium at the time at which the ignition source is applied.
