ASTM D6894 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
10. Test Procedure
10.1 Pre-test Engine Preparation:
10.1.1 Turn on all water valves in the cell (tower and chiller).
10.1.2 Fuel the test engine with LSRD-4 diesel fuel meeting the specifications given in Table 2.
10.1.3 Install a new oil filter.
10.1.4 First Engine Flush Procedure:
10.1.4.1 Charge the engine with 11.6 kg (26.0 lb) of test oil.
To ensure the oil galleries, filter and high-pressure reservoir are filled prior to starting the engine, pressure charge the engine using an external reservoir and pump.
10.1.4.2 Verify the sump oil level with the dip stick and record the weight of oil used.
NOTE 9 - As part of good laboratory practice, approximately 120 mL of the installed test oil may be collected at this stage for possible future laboratory analysis. Such analysis may be useful in any investigation carried out to find the cause of an engine malfunction or failure.
10.1.4.3 Start the engine and verify that the cooling system pressure is 60 +/- 6 kPa (10 +/- 1 psi). If necessary, pressurize the system to this value.
10.1.4.4 Run the engine through the five-step, warm-up conditions specified in Table 3a.
10.1.4.5 Without stopping the engine, run for 1 h at the one-step, on-test condition specified in Table 3b. Target the critical control parameters to the mean values shown in Table 4a.
10.1.4.6 At the end of the one-step condition, stop the engine and drain the test oil for 30 min.
10.1.5 Second Engine Flush Procedure - Flush the engine a second time by repeating steps 10.1.3 and 10.1.4.1 through 10.1.4.6.
10.2 Test Operation:
10.2.1 To ensure removal of the maximum amount of flush oil, vacuum out the high-pressure reservoir while the oil is draining from the second oil flush.
10.2.2 Weigh and install a new oil filter.
10.2.3 Repeat step 10.1.4.1.
10.2.4 Verify the sump oil level with the dip stick and record the weight of oil used. In the weighed sample bottle, collect approximately 120 mL (4 oz) of the installed test oil.
NOTE 10 - This sample is for subsequent chemical analysis, if this is desired, for example, to provide evidence regarding the actual oil used in the test or to investigate the cause of an engine malfunction or failure.
10.2.5 Repeat steps 10.1.4.3 and 10.1.4.4.
10.2.6 Without stopping the engine, run for 20 h at the one-step, on-test conditions specified in Table 3b. Target the critical control parameters at the mean values shown in Table 4a. Record hourly and report the values of all the parameters listed in Table 4. If any of the critical control parameters fall outside the range specified in Table 4a, the test is invalid.
10.2.7 Start time for the test is when the on-test condition step is initiated. No top-up oil is allowed. The engine may be stopped at any time during the first 19 h. However, if the engine is shut down in the last hour, the test shall be deemed invalid.
10.2.8 First Set of Measurements:
10.2.8.1 Clean three 100 mL graduated glass cylinders with aliphatic naphtha solvent and place next to the engine to warm-up.
10.2.8.2 After 1 h (+/- 2 min) from the start of the test, with the engine running, open the valve (see 6.1.1) on the high-pressure reservoir, insert the wand into the clean, weighed, oil-drain container and purge the sample line and wand for 12 to 13 s.
10.2.8.3 Insert the wand to the bottom of one of the pre-warmed graduated cylinders. As the oil flows out, raise the wand so that its end remains approximately 5 mm below the surface of the oil.
NOTE 11 - If the end of the wand is held above the oil surface, air entrainment can occur; if held too far below, its displacement volume can result in an incorrect sample volume being collected.
10.2.8.4 Collect a sample of approximately 90 mL (3 oz).
10.2.8.5 Repeat 10.2.8.3 to 10.2.8.4 twice.
10.2.8.6 Shut off the valve on the high-pressure reservoir.
10.2.8.7 Place the three graduated cylinders in a holder and immediately record both the meniscus level and the oil temperature.
10.2.8.8 After 30 min, read and record the meniscus levels and temperatures in the three cylinders. Dispose of the samples in the weighed oil-drain container. (Do not put the oil samples back in the engine.)
10.2.9 Second Set of Measurements:
10.2.9.1 Repeat 10.2.8.1.
10.2.9.2 After 5 h (+/- 2 min) from the start of the test, with the engine running, open the valve (see 6.1.1) on the high-pressure reservoir, insert the wand into the weighed, oil-drain container and purge the sample line for 12 to 13 s.
10.2.9.3 Repeat steps 10.2.8.3 through 10.2.8.8.
10.2.10 Third Set of Measurements:
10.2.10.1 Repeat 10.2.8.1.
10.2.10.2 After 20 h (+/- 2 min) from the start of test, with the engine still running, open the valve (see 6.1.1) on the high-pressure reservoir, insert the wand into the weighed, oil-drain container and purge the sample line for 12 to 13 s.
10.2.10.3 Repeat steps 10.2.8.3 through 10.2.8.8.
10.3 Post-test Activities:
10.3.1 At the end of the 20 h one-step condition, stop the engine and drain the test oil from the engine for 30 min.
10.3.2 Vacuum out the high-pressure reservoir, discharging the oil into the oil-drain container.
10.3.3 Weigh the end of test (EOT) drain oil, the oil filter, the sample bottle and the oil-drain container.
10.3.4 From the before and after weights of the oil filter, sample bottle and oil-drain bucket and the weight of the EOT drain oil, calculate and record the total weight of oil.
NOTE 12 - These data allow the oil consumption of the engine to be measured and engine integrity to be monitored.
11. Determination of Test Results
11.1 Use Table 6 of ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables (Guide D 1250) to correct oil volumes measured in 10.2.8, 10.2.9, and 10.2.10 to 15.6°C (60°F) and record the data. Calculate the percentage oil aeration for each of the three samples collected at 1 h, 5 h, and 20 h as follows:
% oil aeration = [(initial volume - final volume) x 100]/initial volume
where:
all volumes are corrected to 15.6°C (60°F);
the initial volume is the volume of the sample as soon as it is collected; and
the final volume is the volume measured 30 min after it is collected.
Calculate the mean value of the three results for the samples collected at 1 h, 5 h, and 20 h.
