ASTM D6483 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-9 Diesel Engine
10. Inspection of Engine, Fuel, and Oil
10.1 Pretest Measurements:
10.1.1 Pistons - No piston measurements are required.
10.1.2 Cylinder Sleeves Inside Diameter Surface Finish - Measurement is to be an average of four readings, taken at 90° intervals over a 12.7-mm (0.50-in.) axial trace length, beginning at 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) from the top of the sleeve and extending to 19.1 mm (0.75 in.) from the top of the sleeve. Identify these trace locations as 12 o'clock (12:00), 3 o'clock (3:00), 6 o'clock (6:00), and 9 o'clock (9:00). For reference, locate 12:00 towards the front of engine. Designate the cylinder number equivalent permanent mark on the water jacket portion of the sleeve's outside diameter.
10.1.3 Piston Rings:
10.1.3.1 Prior to measuring rings, identify the cylinder number by a series of small axial notches filed in the top inside diameter corner, to the left of the ring gap, with the gap oriented at 12:00. Be careful not to raise a burr while marking the ring.
10.1.3.2 Clean the rings with solvent (see 7.4). Use a soft brush if necessary. Spray rings dry with air. Rinse in pentane. Do not handle rings with bare hands. Use gloves or plastic covered tongs.
10.1.3.3 The ring measurements specified in 10.1.3.4 are required. The ring measurements specified in 10.1.3.5-10.1.3.9 are optional.
10.1.3.4 Weigh the top rings, second rings, and oil rings on a scale capable of a resolution of 1 mg. Include the oil ring expander in the oil ring weight.
10.1.3.5 Measure ring end gaps for the top ring, second ring, and oil ring with the ring individually confined in a 123.825-mm (4.8750-in.) diameter gage and through a cutout of no more than 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) in length. Be careful not to raise a burr while inserting the ring.
10.1.3.6 Take ring face profile traces at 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. Profile traces shall be of sufficient magnification to determine face bearing widths to compare with post-test measurements in order to determine wear.
10.1.3.7 Take ring height measurements for the top ring 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. Use a special holder with a 2.54-mm (0.10-in.) gage width for this keystone ring. Use a dial indicator and establish zero by using a calibration ring or a standard made into the holder.
10.1.3.8 Take second ring axial width measurements 25.4 mm (0.10 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. To measure the width (top to bottom) of this rectangular ring, use a hand held micrometer.
10.1.3.9 Take oil ring rail face width/profile measurements 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap.
10.1.4 Connecting Rod Bearings:
10.1.4.1 Prior to measuring, mark bearings with a single digit on the locating tang to identify cylinder location.
10.1.4.2 Clean the bearings with solvent (see 7.4). Use a soft brush if necessary. Spray bearings dry with air. Rinse in pentane. Do not handle bearings with bare hands. Use gloves or plastic covered tongs.
10.1.4.3 Weigh bearings on a scale capable of a resolution of 1 mg.
10.2 Post-Test Engine Measurements:
10.2.1 Pistons:
10.2.1.1 Before removing pistons, carefully remove carbon from top of cylinder sleeve. Do not remove any metal.
10.2.1.2 No piston measurements are required.
10.2.2 Cylinder Sleeves:
10.2.2.1 To maintain accuracy and precision, conduct all cylinder sleeve post-test wear measurements at a TMC-calibrated laboratory.
10.2.2.2 Prior to removing sleeves from block at end of test, each of the twelve clock positions should be marked on the top of the sleeves with 12:00 position being the front of the engine.
10.2.2.3 Measure the top ring turnaround wear step in accordance with Annex A4.
10.2.3 Piston Rings:
10.2.3.1 Place the rings in a blaster, and blast the carbon coated surfaces with a walnut shell medium until the carbon has been removed from the grooves in the rings.
10.2.3.2 Mix a solution of 2500 mL water and 50 mL Natural Orange (or equivalent) in a container. Place the rings in the solution, and then place the container into a sonic cleaner for 15 min. Visually inspect the rings for cleanliness. If carbon remains on the rings, soak the rings for an additional 5 to 10 min in the sonic cleaner.
10.2.3.3 Rinse the rings in hot water immediately after removing them from the cleaning solution.
10.2.3.4 Spray the rings with solvent, and then spray the rings dry with air. Rinse in pentane. Do not handle rings with bare hands. Use gloves or plastic covered tongs.
10.2.3.5 The ring measurements specified in 10.2.3.6 are required. The ring weight loss will be used for the test evaluation. The ring measurements specified in 10.2.3.7-10.2.3.11 are optional.
10.2.3.6 Weigh top rings, second rings, and oil rings on a scale capable of a resolution of 1 mg. Include the oil ring expander in the oil ring weight.
10.2.3.7 Measure ring end gaps for the top ring, second ring, and oil ring with the ring individually confined in a 123.825-mm (4.8750-in.) diameter gage and through a cutout of no more than 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) in length. Be careful not to raise a burr while inserting or removing the ring.
10.2.3.8 Take ring face profile traces at 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. Profile traces should be of sufficient magnification to determine face bearing widths to compare with pretest measurements in order to determine wear.
10.2.3.9 Take ring height measurements for the top ring at 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. Use a special holder with a 2.54-mm (0.10-in.) gage width for this keystone ring. Use a dial indicator, and establish zero by using a calibration ring or a standard made into the holder.
10.2.3.10 Take second ring axial width measurements 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap. Measure the width (top to bottom) of this rectangular ring with a hand held micrometer.
10.2.3.11 Take oil ring rail face width/profile measurements 25.4 mm (1 in.) from gap (both sides) and 180° from gap.
10.2.4 Connecting Rod Bearings:
10.2.4.1 Clean the bearings with solvent (see 7.4). Use a soft brush if necessary. Spray bearings dry with air. Rinse in pentane. Do not handle bearings with bare hands. Use gloves or plastic covered tongs.
10.2.4.2 Weigh bearings on a scale capable of a resolution of 1 mg.
10.3 Oil Inspection - Analyze oil samples for viscosity at 100°C (212°F) in accordance with either Test Method D455 or D5967, Annex A3. Base viscosity increase on the minimum viscosity as reported (see Annex A1). In addition to the viscosity measurements, conduct soot analysis in accordance with Test Method D5967, Annex A4. To maintain accuracy and precision, conduct all soot measurements at a TMC-calibrated laboratory. Determine wear metals content (iron, lead, copper, chromium, aluminum), additive metals content, and silicon and sodium levels in accordance with Test Method D5185 every 50 h from 0 h to EOT. Conduct the 400 and 500-h lead content measurements at least twice, and report the average value. Additionally, determine lead content at 425 and 475 h. Conduct oil analysis as soon as possible after sampling. Determine base number every 50 h, including EOT, in accordance with Test Method D4739; refer to Annex A7 for certain specific instructions for this test. Determine acid number every 50 h, including EOT, in accordance with Test Method D664; refer to Annex A8 for certain specific instructions for this test.
10.4 Fuel Inspections - Use fuel purchase inspection records to ensure conformance to the specifications listed in Table 1 and to complete (see Annex A1) for the last batch of fuel used during the test. In addition, perform the following inspections on new (0 h) and EOT (500 h) fuel samples:
10.4.1 API gravity at 15.6°C (60°F), Test Method D287 or D4052.
10.4.2 Total sulfur, percent weight, Test Method D129 or D2622.
10.4.3 Use one 0.95 L (1 qt) sample for inspections.
10.5 Oil Consumption:
10.5.1 Compute average oil consumption for the test and report in g/kW-h. Avalue of 0.182 g/kW-h (0.0003 lb/bhp-h) or lower is desirable. For calibration tests, if oil consumption exceeds 0.304 g/kW-h (0.0005 lb/bhp-h), consider the test operationally invalid. Oil consumption greater than 0.304 g/kW-h (0.0005 lb/bhp-h) requires further investigation of the test oil or the engine, or both, to determine the cause.
10.5.2 The recommended oil consumption rig plumbing is shown in Fig. A2.8.
