1. Scope
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8. This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).
1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to as the T-8E and an abbreviated length test which is commonly referred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8A are identical to the T-8 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9, respectively. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-8 procedure.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined with SI units, and vice versa.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.
1.5 A Table of Contents follows:
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
D130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by X-Ray Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-Ignition Internal Composition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light Duty Conditions
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using European Diesel Injector Apparatus
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance With Specifications
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry in Hydromometry
2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE J1995 Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition - Gross Power Rating
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n - a reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.
3.1.2 blowby, n - in internal combustion engines, the combustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter the crankcase.
3.1.3 calibrate, v - to determine the indication or output of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard.
3.1.4 heavy-duty, adj - in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, n - in internal combustion engines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close to its peak output.
3.1.6 non-reference oil, n - any oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.
3.1.7 non-standard test, n - a test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
3.1.8 oxidation, n - of engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can produce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion, or a combination thereof.
3.1.9 reference oil, n - an oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
3.1.10 Discussion - Reference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with oils.
3.1.11 sludge, n - in internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation products from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
3.1.12 standard test, n - a test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment according to the requirements in the test method, and conducted in accordance with the specified operating conditions.
3.1.13 Discussion - The specified operating conditions in some test methods include requirements for determining a test's operational validity. These requirements are applied after a test is completed, and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for the average values of primary and secondary parameters that are narrower than the specified control ranges for the individual values, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary and secondary parameters from the specified control ranges, (3) downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.
3.1.14 varnish, n - internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
3.1.15 wear, n - the loss of material from, or relocation of material on, a surface.