ASTM D5185 for additive elements, wear metals, contaminants and selected elements
ASTM D5185 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1109 Test Method for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive Components - Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 emission spectroscopy - refer to Terminology E135.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 additive element - a constituent of a chemical compound that improves the performance of a lubricating oil.
3.2.2 analyte - an element whose concentration is being determined.
3.2.3 Babington-type nebulizer - a device that generates an aerosol by flowing a liquid over a surface that contains an orifice from which gas flows at a high velocity.
3.2.4 calibration - the process by which the relationship between signal intensity and elemental concentration is determined for a specific element analysis.
3.2.5 calibration curve - the plot of signal intensity versus elemental concentration using data obtained by making measurements with standards.
3.2.6 contaminant - a foreign substance, generally undesirable, introduced into a lubricating oil.
3.2.7 detection limit - the concentration of an analyte that results in a signal intensity that is some multiple (typically two) times the standard deviation of the background intensity at the measurement wavelength.
3.2.8 inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) - a high-temperature discharge generated by flowing an ionizable gas through a magnetic field induced by a load coil that surrounds the tubes carrying the gas.
3.2.9 linear response range - the elemental concentration range over which the calibration curve is a straight line, within the precision of the test method.
3.2.10 profiling - a technique that determines the wavelength for which the signal intensity measured for a particular analyte is a maximum.
3.2.11 radio frequency (RF) - the range of frequencies between the audio and infrared ranges (3 kHz to 300 GHz).
3.2.12 wear metal - an element introduced into the oil by wear of oil-wetted parts.
