ASTM D4170 test method for fretting wear protection by lubricating greases
6. Apparatus
6.1 Falex Fretting Wear Tester, Model F-1581, as purchased and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
6.2 Spring Guide, conforming to description in Fig. 3, if not supplied with tester.
6.3 Test Bearings, of the ball thrust type having an inside diameter of 16.00 +/- 0.025 mm (0.630 +/- 0.001 in.), an outside diameter of 35.69 +/- 0.025 mm (1.405 + 0.001 in.), and assembled height of 15.75 +/- 0.25 mm (0.620 +/- 0.010 in.) and equipped with nine 7.142-mm (0.2812-in.) diameter balls in a pressed steel retainer; all surfaces (except retainer) to be ground. Different surface finishes are provided on commercial bearings. Bearings with ground surfaces are lustrous; tumbled bearings appear slightly dulled or grayish. Bearings with ground races, as specified in 6.3 are required to obtain correct results. Tumbled bearings with reground races are satisfactory. Magnification should be used to inspect the races to verify that they have been ground. Part-number bearings are provided with ground races. A drawing of the test bearing, giving complete, detailed dimensions and specifications is available in RR:D02-1159.
6.4 Vibration Mount, upon which the tester is placed.
6.5 Time Switch, (optional) shown in Fig. 1 and described in detail in Fig. 4, or a commercial equivalent.
6.6 Ultrasonic Cleaner.
6.7 Analytical Balance having a capacity of about 100 g and with a minimum sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents - Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 n-Heptane, reagent grade or ASTM Motor Fuel Grade 3. (Warning - Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, reagent grade. (Warning - Health hazard.)
7.3.1 A functionally equivalent solvent, may be substituted throughout this test method wherever 1,1,1-trichloroethane is specified. To be functionally equivalent, the solvent must not affect test results, clean as effectively as 1.1.1-trichloroethane, have similar volatility characteristics, leave no residue on evaporation, and contain no water or additives. (Warning - If the functionally equivalent solvent is flammable or a health hazard, proper precautions should be taken.)
NOTE 2 - This test method was originally developed using chloroform, which was subsequently replaced by 1,1,1-trichloroethane because of its lower toxicity. Since then, 1,1,1-trichloroethane was declared an Ozone Depleting Substance by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Federal regulations ban the production of this material after December 31, 1995, but existing stocks may continue to be used. Currently there are no EPA restrictions on the use of chloroform, but the user should be aware of its health hazards if it is used as a functionally equivalent solvent. No other solvent intended as a substitute for 1.1.1-trichloroethane in this test method has been cooperatively evaluated.
