ASTM D2880 Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user.

1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels.

1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted.

NOTE 1 - The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.

NOTE 2 - Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.

NOTE 3 - The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by X-Ray Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
D3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Tester
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D4418 Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
D5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)

2.2 Other Documents:
26 CFR Part 48 Diesel Fuel Excise Tax; Dye Color and Concentration
40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives

3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 fuel contaminants - fuel components other than hydrocarbon oils. In the present context the contaminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitable or even unsuitable for the intended use.
3.1.1.1 Discussion - The contaminants of primary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent to the manufacture of specification quality fuel. Hence they are materials introduced in the distribution system (that is, storage tanks, pipelines, tank trucks, barges, etc.) or in the user's storage and handling system, or generated within these systems (rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel, and so forth). Contaminants may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.

3.1.2 fuel entering the combustor(s) - the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine. Fuel may be sampled at a point upstream from the point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).