ASTM D2170 standard test method for kinematic viscosity of asphalts (bitumens)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts (bitumens), road oils and distillation residues of liquid asphalts (bitumens) all at 140°F (60°C) and of asphalt cements at 275°F (135°C) (Note 1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 cSt.
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.
NOTE 1 - This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 140°F (60°C) and on asphalt cements at 275°F (135°C) only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 cSt.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
D341 Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
D2162 Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2493 Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density - the mass per unit volume of liquid. The cgs unit of density is 1 g/cm3 and the SI unit of density is 1 kg/m3.
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity - the ratio of the viscosity to the density of a liquid. It is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s; for practical use, a submultiple (mm2/s) is more convenient. The cgs unit of kinematic viscosity is 1 cm2/s and is called a stoke (symbol St). The centistokes (1 cSt = 10(-2) St) is 1 mm2/s and is customarily used.
3.1.3 Newtonian liquid - a liquid in which the rate of shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid. If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
3.1.4 viscosity - the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm•s (1 dyne•s/cm2) and is called a poise (P). The SI unit of viscosity is 1 Pa•s (1 N•s/m2) and is equivalent to 10 P.
