1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482 or IP Method 4 will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Note 2 and Note 4).
NOTE 1 - The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product under the conditions specified in this test method. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
NOTE 2 - Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 524. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X1.1), but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applied to a wide variety of petroleum products.
NOTE 3 - The test results are equivalent to Test Method D 4530, (see Fig. X1.2).
NOTE 4 - In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate causes a higher residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D 4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by Spectrophotometry
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 133 Specification for Distillation Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 carbon residue, n-the residue formed by evaporation and thermal degradation of a carbon containing material.
3.1.2 Discussion - The residue is not composed entirely of carbon but is a coke that can be further changed by carbon pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is retained in deference to its wide common usage.
