ASTM D1193 standard specification for reagent water
1. Scope
1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM.
1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity.
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin.
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process.
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1 should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified.
1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these specified waters and validation of the water purification system is provided in Appendix X1 of this document.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D4453 Practice for Handling of Ultra-Pure Water Samples
D4517 Test Method for Low-Level Total Silica in High-Purity Water by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D5128 Test Method for On-Line pH Measurement of Water of Low Conductivity
D5173 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Carbon Compounds in Water by Chemical Oxidation, by UV Light Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conductivity
D5245 Practice for Cleaning Laboratory Glassware, Plasticware, and Equipment Used in Microbiological Analyses
D5391 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample
D5542 Test Method for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography
D5997 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation and Membrane Conductivity Detection
D6071 Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity Water by Graphite Furnace Atom Absorption Spectroscopy
D6161 Terminology Used for Crossflow Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
D6529 Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50–1000 µS/cm
F 1094 Test Methods for Microbiological Monitoring of Water Used for Processing Electron and Microelectronic Devices by Direct Pressure Tap Sampling Valve and by the Presterilized Plastic Bag Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions - For definitions used in this specification refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 reagent water - water that is used specifically as a component of an analytical measurement process and meets or exceeds the specifications for these waters.
3.2.2 electrodeionization - a process that removes ionized and ionizable species from liquids using electrically active media and using an electrical potential to influence ion transport, where the ionic transport properties of the active media are a primary sizing parameter. Electrodeionization devices typically comprise semi-permeable ion-exchange membranes and permanently charged ion-exchange media (see Test Method D6529).
3.2.3 reverse osmosis (RO) - the separation process where one component of a solution is removed from another component by flowing the feed stream under pressure across a semipermeable membrane. RO removes ions based on electro-chemical forces, colloids, and organics down to 150 molecular weight. May also be called hyperfiltration (see Terminology D6161)
